Snyder & Keegan: Pharmacology for the Surgical Technologist, 3rd Edition

Chapter 01: Basic Pharmacology

Test Bank	

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates its function is said to be a(n) _______________ drug.
a.	Agonist	
b.	Antagonist	
c.	Idiosyncratic	
d.	Pharmacokinetic	

ANS:	A
Agonist drugs bind to or have an affinity (attraction) for a receptor and cause a particular response.

DIF:	1	REF:	17

2. Which one of the following is not used for the classification of drugs?
a.	Therapeutic action	
b.	Physiologic action	
c.	Affected body system	
d.	Source of origin	

ANS:	D
Drugs are classified by what they do, what they affect, what they are not, and where they come from.

DIF:	1	REF:	5

3. An anticoagulant drug is classified by its
a.	Chemical type	
b.	Source of origin	
c.	Physiologic action	
d.	Therapeutic action	

ANS:	D
Therapeutic action describes what the drug does for a patient; in this example, it works against coagulation.

DIF:	1	REF:	6

4. Prescriptions must include all of the following information except:
a.	Name of the drug	
b.	Patient’s social security number	
c.	Drug dosage	
d.	Route of administration of the drug	

ANS:	B
Prescriptions must include the date, name of the patient, name of the drug, dosage, route of administration, and frequency or time of administration. The patient’s social security number will be in the chart but not on a prescription.

DIF:	1	REF:	7

5. An order for a drug to be given as needed is called a _______________ order.
a.	Standing	
b.	Oral	
c.	Stat	
d.	PRN	

ANS:	D
PRN stands for pro re nata, which means that the drug may be given as needed.

DIF:	1	REF:	8

6. What does the abbreviation sos mean on a prescription?
a.	One half	
b.	Once, if necessary	
c.	Without	
d.	As desired	

ANS:	B
sos means once, if necessary (see Table 1-3).

DIF:	1	REF:	7

7. How is an order for a drug to be taken every 4 hours indicated on a prescription?
a.	q4h	
b.	qid	
c.	qod	
d.	qs	

ANS:	A
The q means every; the actual number of hours is inserted before the h, which means hours.

DIF:	3	REF:	9

8. How is an order for a drug to be given three times a day indicated on a prescription?
a.	q3h	
b.	hs	
c.	qh	
d.	tid	

ANS:	D
tid means three times a day (see Table 1-4).

DIF:	1	REF:	9

9. Which form of drug preparation tends to act more quickly?
a.	Solid	
b.	Semisolid	
c.	Liquid	
d.	Gas	

ANS:	D
Absorption of drugs given by inhalation is rapid, especially gases such as inhalation anesthetics, because of the huge numbers of capillaries in the alveoli of the lungs.

DIF:	2	REF:	10

10. Which one of the following abbreviations indicate an ointment form of a given drug?
a.	gtts	
b.	ung	
c.	susp	
d.	soln	

ANS:	B
ung means ointment.

DIF:	1	REF:	10

11. Which one of the following abbreviations indicates that a drug is to be given orally?
a.	IM	
b.	PO	
c.	IV	
d.	SC	

ANS:	B
PO means per os or by mouth.

DIF:	1	REF:	11

12. How is a medication administered by any route except the mouth?
a.	Systemically	
b.	Sublingually	
c.	Parenterally	
d.	Subcutaneously	

ANS:	C
The term parenteral indicates any route other than the digestive tract.

DIF:	3	REF:	11

13. Which one of the following terms is the study of the four basic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in response to drugs?
a.	Pharmacokinetics	
b.	Pharmacodynamics	
c.	Biotransformation	
d.	Sympathomimetics	

ANS:	A
The study of pharmacokinetics focuses on how the body processes drugs.

DIF:	1	REF:	14

14. Distribution of drugs within the body is carried out through which one of the following body systems?
a.	Respiratory	
b.	Circulatory	
c.	Integumentary	
d.	Urinary	

ANS:	B
Once a drug has been absorbed into the bloodstream, it is transported throughout the body by the circulatory system. Drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the bloodstream to the site of action in the process called distribution.

DIF:	2	REF:	14

15. The time between the administration of a drug and the first appearance of its effects is called:
a.	Peak effect	
b.	Onset	
c.	Duration	
d.	Reaction time	

ANS:	B
The time between the administration of a drug and the first appearance of effects is called the onset.

DIF:	1	REF:	18

16. Which group of drugs is known as receptor blockers?
a.	Antagonists	
b.	Agonists	
c.	Antipyretics	
d.	Analgesics	

ANS:	A
Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response are called antagonists (Fig. 1-11). Antagonists are also called receptor blockers.

DIF:	2	REF:	18

17. An expected but unintended effect of a drug is termed a(n) _______________ effect.
a.	Idiosyncratic	
b.	Adverse	
c.	Synergic	
d.	Side	

ANS:	D
A side effect is a predictable but unintended effect of a drug.

DIF:	1	REF:	19

18. Malignant hyperthermia is a(n) _______________ effect to certain drugs.
a.	Idiosyncratic	
b.	Adverse	
c.	Local	
d.	Side	

ANS:	A
Most idiosyncratic drug reactions are thought to occur in people with some genetic abnormality, causing either an excessive or an inadequate response to a drug. For example, malignant hyperthermia (see Chapter 16) is a life-threatening response to certain drugs and is attributable to a genetic defect.

DIF:	3	REF:	19

19. Which drug form is used the least in the surgical department?
a.	Semisolid	
b.	Solid	
c.	Liquid	
d.	Gas	

ANS:	B
Solids such as capsules and tablets are rarely used in surgery, because oral administration is required.

DIF:	2	REF:	10

20. When a drug travels from the site of administration into the bloodstream, it is called:
a.	Absorption	
b.	Distribution	
c.	Metabolism	
d.	Excretion	

ANS:	A
Absorption is the process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood.

DIF:	2	REF:	14

21. Drugs are chemically altered via a process called metabolism in the:
a.	Lungs	
b.	Colon	
c.	Kidney	
d.	Liver	

ANS:	D
The chemical composition of a drug is changed in the liver by a process called metabolism or biotransformation.

DIF:	1	REF:	15-16

22. Most drugs are excreted and eliminated by the:
a.	Lungs	
b.	Colon	
c.	Kidney	
d.	Liver	

ANS:	C
Some drug molecules are eliminated in the bile, feces, or skin, but most unchanged drugs and metabolites are excreted by the kidneys and eliminated in urine (Fig. 1-10).

DIF:	1	REF:	16

23. A drug that enhances the effect of another drug is called a(n):
a.	Agonist	
b.	Synergist	
c.	Antagonist	
d.	Receptor blocker	

ANS:	B
A drug that enhances the effect of another drug is called a synergist.

DIF:	1	REF:	18

24. Which one of the following types of drug binds to receptor site proteins and then inhibits a response?
a.	Agonist	
b.	Synergist	
c.	Antagonist	
d.	Electrolyte	

ANS:	C
Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response are called antagonists.

DIF:	2	REF:	18

25. The abbreviation PO represents which one of the following?
a.	Intramuscularly	
b.	Orally	
c.	Subcutaneously	
d.	Intravenously	

ANS:	B
PO means per os or by mouth.

DIF:	1	REF:	11

26. The abbreviation bid represents which one of the following?
a.	Twice a day	
b.	Three times a day	
c.	Four times a day	
d.	Immediately	

ANS:	A
bid means twice a day.

DIF:	1	REF:	9

27. The abbreviation NPO represents which one of the following?
a.	Discontinue	
b.	Immediately	
c.	Keep vein open	
d.	Nothing by mouth	

ANS:	D
NPO means nothing by mouth.

DIF:	1	REF:	"7, 11"

MATCHING

Match the following terms with the correct definitions.
a.	Adverse effect	
b.	Bioavailability	
c.	Biotechnology	
d.	Biotransformation	
e.	Side effect	

1. Amount of unbound drug molecules able to cause the desired effect

2. Expected but unintended action or effect of a drug

3. Artificial manipulation of segments of DNA (genetic material)

4. Metabolism or breaking down of drug molecules in the liver

5. Undesired, potentially harmful effect of a medication

1. ANS:	B	DIF:	1	REF:	15

2. ANS:	E	DIF:	1	REF:	19

3. ANS:	C	DIF:	1	REF:	4

4. ANS:	D	DIF:	1	REF:	15-16

5. ANS:	A	DIF:	1	REF:	19