Chapter 01: Scope of Microbiology
VanMeter: Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional, 2nd Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	In the sixteenth century a father-and-son team, by the name of __________, produced a compound microscope consisting of a simple tube with lenses at each end.
a.	van Leeuwenhoek	
b.	Semmelweis	
c.	Janssen	
d.	Hooke	

ANS:	C	REF:	p. 3

	2.	“Animalcules” were first described by
a.	Robert Hooke.	
b.	Antony van Leeuwenhoek.	
c.	Hans Janssen.	
d.	John Needham.	

ANS:	B	REF:	p. 3

	3.	Micrographia, a publication illustrating insects, sponges, as well as plant cells, was published by
a.	Robert Hooke.	
b.	Antony van Leeuwenhoek.	
c.	Hans Janssen.	
d.	John Needham.	

ANS:	A	REF:	p. 3

	4.	Low-power microscopes designed for observing fairly large objects such as insects or worms are
a.	electron microscopes.	
b.	dark-field microscopes.	
c.	fluorescence microscopes.	
d.	stereomicroscopes.	

ANS:	D	REF:	p. 5

	5.	A microscope that provides a three-dimensional image of a specimen is a
a.	dark-field microscope.	
b.	transmission electron microscope.	
c.	bright-field microscope.	
d.	scanning electron microscope.	

ANS:	D	REF:	p. 7

	6.	The tool of choice to observe living microorganisms is the
a.	bright-field microscope.	
b.	phase-contrast microscope.	
c.	fluorescence microscope.	
d.	electron microscope.	

ANS:	B	REF:	p. 6

	7.	Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about spontaneous generation?
a.	John Needham	
b.	Joseph Lister	
c.	Louis Pasteur	
d.	Robert Koch	

ANS:	C	REF:	p. 8

	8.	Fossils of prokaryotes go back __________ billion years.
a.	4.0 to 5.0	
b.	3.5 to 4.0	
c.	2.5 to 3.0	
d.	2.2 to 2.7	

ANS:	B	REF:	p. 9

	9.	Molds belong to which of the following groups of eukaryotic organisms?
a.	Protozoans	
b.	Archaea	
c.	Fungi	
d.	Algae	

ANS:	C	REF:	p. 11

	10.	The correct descending order of taxonomic categories is
a.	species, domain, phylum, kingdom, order, division, class, genus.	
b.	domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, order, genus, species.	
c.	domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.	
d.	kingdom, domain, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species.	

ANS:	C	REF:	p. 10

	11.	Complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called
a.	colonies.	
b.	biofilms.	
c.	biospheres.	
d.	flora.	

ANS:	B	REF:	p. 12

	12.	A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called
a.	mutualism.	
b.	competition.	
c.	synergism.	
d.	commensalism.	

ANS:	D	REF:	p. 12

	13.	Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora?
a.	Intestine	
b.	Skin	
c.	Vagina	
d.	Blood	

ANS:	D	REF:	p. 12

	14.	Which of the following lack nucleic acids?
a.	Archaea	
b.	Viruses	
c.	Prions	
d.	Bacteria	

ANS:	C	REF:	p. 11

	15.	The binominal system of nomenclature was originally developed by
a.	Pasteur.	
b.	Linnaeus.	
c.	Martini.	
d.	Jenner.	

ANS:	B	REF:	p. 11

	16.	Which of the following scientists performed the first vaccination against smallpox?
a.	Pasteur	
b.	Jenner	
c.	Semmelweis	
d.	Koch	

ANS:	B	REF:	p. 9

	17.	Which of the following diseases is generally caused by contaminated food?
a.	Mumps	
b.	Shigellosis	
c.	Legionellosis	
d.	Tuberculosis	

ANS:	B	REF:	p. 13

	18.	Which of the following diseases is transmitted via aerosols?
a.	Psittacosis	
b.	Shigellosis	
c.	Leptospirosis	
d.	Giardiasis	

ANS:	A	REF:	p. 14

	19.	Which of the following organisms is used in the production of cheese?
a.	Propionibacterium shermanii	
b.	Acetobacter aceti	
c.	Giardia	
d.	Fusobacterium	

ANS:	A	REF:	p. 14

	20.	Which of the following scientists discovered the antibiotic properties of Penicillium?
a.	Alexander Fleming	
b.	Louis Pasteur	
c.	Joseph Lister	
d.	Edward Jenner	

ANS:	A	REF:	p. 15

COMPLETION

	1.	In a compound light microscope the lens closest to the eye is the __________ lens.

ANS:	ocular

REF:	p. 3

	2.	The total magnification of an object viewed with a compound microscope with an ocular lens of ´10 and an objective lens of ´40 is ´__________.

ANS:	400

REF:	p. 4

	3.	Another term for spontaneous generation is __________.

ANS:	abiogenesis

REF:	p. 7

	4.	Microorganisms of various species are often organized into complex communities on a surface and are called __________.

ANS:	biofilms

REF:	p. 12

	5.	All bacteria are __________ cells.

ANS:	prokaryotic

REF:	p. 10

	6.	Cells that contain a nucleus are __________ cells.

ANS:	eukaryotic

REF:	p. 10

	7.	The taxonomic resource for information on bacteria is __________.

ANS:	Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

REF:	p. 11

	8.	A relationship in which two organisms benefit is referred to as __________.

ANS:	mutualism

REF:	p. 12

	9.	The proteins implicated in spongiform encephalopathy are __________.

ANS:	prions

REF:	p. 11

	10.	The cleanup of various industrial wastes by living organisms is referred to as __________.

ANS:	bioremediation

REF:	p. 15

MATCHING

Match the description below with the correct item from this list.
a.	Observing insects	
b.	Three-dimensional images	
c.	Cytoplasmic streaming	
d.	Fluorescent dye	
e.	Ultrathin sectioned specimens	

	1.	Scanning electron microscope

	2.	Phase-contrast microscope

	3.	Transmission electron microscope

	4.	Stereomicroscope

	1.	ANS:	B	REF:	p. 7

	2.	ANS:	C	REF:	p. 6

	3.	ANS:	E	REF:	p. 7

	4.	ANS:	A	REF:	p. 5

Match the description below to the correct name from this list.
a.	Robert Koch	
b.	Edward Jenner	
c.	Louis Pasteur	
d.	John Needham	
e.	Joseph Lister	
f.	Antony van Leeuwenhoek	

	5.	Animalcules

	6.	Vaccination

	7.	Aseptic technique

	8.	Germ theory of disease

	5.	ANS:	F	REF:	p. 7 | p. 8

	6.	ANS:	B	REF:	p. 9

	7.	ANS:	E	REF:	p. 9

	8.	ANS:	C	REF:	p. 8