Salvo: Massage Therapy Principles and Practice, 4th Edition

Chapter 01: History of Massage

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	The first written accounts of therapeutic massage originated in:
A.	India	C.	Egypt	
B.	China	D.	Iceland	

ANS:	B
The first written accounts of therapeutic massage originated in China as early as 3000 BC. There were no written accounts in India, Egypt, or Iceland before this.

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	2.	The person known as the father of modern Western medicine is:
A.	Borelli	C.	Tissot	
B.	Hippocrates	D.	Avicenna	

ANS:	B
The person known as the father of modern Western medicine is Hippocrates. Borelli analyzed the phenomenon of muscular contraction; Tissot published works on gymnastic exercises; and Avicenna was a Persian physician who authored numerous medical books that remained the standard for Western medicine until the 17th century.

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	3.	Manual and scientific manipulation of the body’s soft tissues for the purpose of establishing and maintaining health and promoting wellness is the definition of:
A.	Acupuncture	C.	Ayurveda	
B.	Shiatsu	D.	Massage	

ANS:	D
Massage is defined as the manual and scientific manipulation of the body’s soft tissues for the purpose of establishing and maintaining health and promoting wellness. In acupuncture, which is based on the traditional Chinese medicine concept of energy flowing through channels in the body, needles are inserted in places where energy is blocked or depleted in order to stimulate the flow of energy. Shiatsu is a Japanese form of bodywork based on the same principles as acupuncture; however, instead of needles practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, knees, and feet to balance the client's energy. Ayurveda is the traditional medicine of India.

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	4.	Western massage texts tend to use French terminology, primarily because of the efforts of:
A.	Johann Mezger	C.	Pehr H. Ling	
B.	William Harvey	D.	Charles Taylor	

ANS:	A
It is because Johann Mezger used French translations of several Chinese books on massage that Western massage texts tend to use French terminology; during Mezger’s life French was considered the international language. The efforts of William Harvey, Pehr H. Ling, and Charles Taylor did not contribute to the use of French terminology in Western massage texts.

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	5.	What is the title of the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
A.	De Humani Corporis Fabrica	C.	Nei Ching	
B.	De Medicina	D.	Anothomia	

ANS:	C
The title of the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine is Nei Ching. De Humani Corporis Fabrica was written by the Flemish physician Andreas Vesalius; De Medicina was written by Aulus Celsus, an ancient Roman; and Anothomia was written by Mondino dei Luzzi, who was Italian.

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	6.	Who was the scientist who demonstrated that blood circulation is driven by the beat of the heart through arteries and veins?
A.	Thomas Sydenham	C.	Ambroise Paré	
B.	Douglas O. Graham	D.	William Harvey	

ANS:	D
William Harvey demonstrated that blood circulation is driven by the beat of the heart through arteries and veins. Thomas Sydenham compiled complete clinical descriptions of and specific remedies for disease; Douglas O. Graham was an American follower of the Swedish movement system and authored several works on the history of massage; and Ambrose Paré was a French military surgeon who was among the earliest modern physicians to discuss the therapeutic effects of massage.

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	7.	The father of Swedish massage is:
A.	John Harvey Kellogg	C.	Pehr H. Ling	
B.	Johann Mezger	D.	George Henry Taylor	

ANS:	C
Pehr H. Ling is father of Swedish massage. John Harvey Kellogg wrote numerous articles and books on massage and helped popularize massage in the United States; Johann Mezger was responsible for making massage a fundamental component of physical rehabilitation; and George Henry Taylor, along with his brother, Charles Fayette Taylor, introduced the Swedish movement system into the United States in 1856.

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	8.	The work written in 1569 that is generally credited as being the first book in the field of sports medicine is:
A.	De Humani Corporis Fabrica	C.	Corpus Hippocraticum	
B.	De Arte Gymnastica	D.	Anothomia	

ANS:	B
The first book in the field of sports medicine is De Arte Gymnastica. De Humani Corporis Fabrica is one of the most important studies of modern human anatomy; 
Corpus Hippocraticum is a collection of works by members of the Hippocratic school; and Anothomia is the first modern treatise on anatomy.

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	9.	What is regarded as the precursor of all other manual and energetic therapies?
A.	Ayurveda	C.	Shiatsu	
B.	Acupuncture	D.	Amma	

ANS:	D
Amma is regarded as the precursor of all other manual and energetic therapies. Ayurveda, the traditional medicine of India; and in acupuncture, which is based on the traditional Chinese medicine concept of energy flowing through channels in the body, needles are inserted in places where energy is blocked or depleted in order to stimulate the flow of energy. Shiatsu is a Japanese form of bodywork based on the same principles as acupuncture; however, instead of needles, practitioners use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, elbows, knees and feet to balance the client's energy.

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	10.	The symbol of the medical profession, a snake and staff, can be traced back to what legendary Greek physician?
A.	Rhazes	C.	Avicenna	
B.	Celsus	D.	Asclepius	

ANS:	D
The symbol of the medical profession, the snake and staff, can be traced back to Asclepius. Rhazes was a Persian physician who wrote an encyclopedic work of medical knowledge; Celsus was the first important medical historian; and Avicenna was a Persian physician who authored numerous medical books.

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	11.	What was the title of the first modern treatise on anatomy, written by Mondino dei Luzzi in 1316?
A.	Canon of Medicine	C.	Anothomia	
B.	De Sanitate Tuenda	D.	De Medicina	

ANS:	C
The title of the first modern treatise on anatomy, written by Mondino dei Luzzi in 1316, is Anothomia. Canon of Medicine was written by Avicenna (AD 980 to 1037); De Sanitate Tuenda was written by Galen, an ancient Roman; and De Medicina was written by Aulus Celsus, an ancient Roman.

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	12.	In what year did George Henry Taylor and Charles Fayette Taylor introduce the Swedish Movement system to the United States?
A.	1856	C.	1911	
B.	1776	D.	1958	

ANS:	A
George Henry Taylor and Charles Fayette Taylor introduced the Swedish Movement system to the United States in 1856, not 1776, 1911, or 1958.

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	13.	The American Association of Masseurs and Masseuses, which later changed its name to American Massage and Therapy Association, was founded in:
A.	1936	C.	1943	
B.	1989	D.	1993	

ANS:	C
The American Association of Masseurs and Masseuses, which later changed its name to American Massage and Therapy Association, was founded in 1943, not 1936, 1989, or 1993.

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	14.	The American Bodywork and Massage Professionals was founded in:
A.	1912	C.	1996	
B.	1943	D.	1987	

ANS:	D
The American Bodywork and Massage Professionals was founded in 1987, not 1912, 1943, or 1996.

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